Grid Connection Strategy: DNO vs IDNO vs ICP

Grid connections are the single biggest source of programme risk on infrastructure projects. Getting the route right at the feasibility stage often saves six to twelve months on energisation and materially changes the commercial case.

The three routes explained

The DNO (Distribution Network Operator) route is the default: your regional network operator quotes, designs, and delivers the connection. It is simple, but timelines and costs are set by the DNO's own workload.

The ICP (Independent Connection Provider) route lets an accredited third party carry out the contestable design and build works. Non-contestable works stay with the DNO. Done well, this compresses programme and increases cost certainty.

The IDNO (Independent Distribution Network Operator) route transfers ownership of the new network to an IDNO, typically returning an asset value payment that offsets connection cost. It is well suited to developments with a long-lived load.

How we handle grid constraints

We conduct early-stage load analysis and work directly with DNOs and IDNOs to identify the optimal connection strategy. Where grid constraints exist, we explore alternatives including ICP contestable works, IDNO adoption, on-site storage, and demand management. Capacity refusal is rarely the end of a project — it is usually a redesign.